# Copyright 2011-2015 MongoDB, Inc.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you
# may not use this file except in compliance with the License.  You
# may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
# implied.  See the License for the specific language governing
# permissions and limitations under the License.

import contextlib
import os
import socket
import threading

from bson import DEFAULT_CODEC_OPTIONS
from bson.py3compat import u, itervalues
from pymongo import auth, helpers, thread_util
from pymongo.errors import (AutoReconnect,
                            ConnectionFailure,
                            DocumentTooLarge,
                            NetworkTimeout,
                            NotMasterError,
                            OperationFailure)
from pymongo.ismaster import IsMaster
from pymongo.monotonic import time as _time
from pymongo.network import (command,
                             receive_message,
                             socket_closed)
from pymongo.read_preferences import ReadPreference
from pymongo.server_type import SERVER_TYPE


# If the first getaddrinfo call of this interpreter's life is on a thread,
# while the main thread holds the import lock, getaddrinfo deadlocks trying
# to import the IDNA codec. Import it here, where presumably we're on the
# main thread, to avoid the deadlock. See PYTHON-607.
u('foo').encode('idna')

try:
    from ssl import match_hostname, CertificateError
except ImportError:
    # These don't require the ssl module
    from pymongo.ssl_match_hostname import match_hostname, CertificateError


def _raise_connection_failure(address, error):
    """Convert a socket.error to ConnectionFailure and raise it."""
    host, port = address
    msg = '%s:%d: %s' % (host, port, error)
    if isinstance(error, socket.timeout):
        raise NetworkTimeout(msg)
    else:
        raise AutoReconnect(msg)


class PoolOptions(object):

    __slots__ = ('__max_pool_size', '__connect_timeout', '__socket_timeout',
                 '__wait_queue_timeout', '__wait_queue_multiple',
                 '__ssl_context', '__ssl_match_hostname', '__socket_keepalive')

    def __init__(self, max_pool_size=100, connect_timeout=None,
                 socket_timeout=None, wait_queue_timeout=None,
                 wait_queue_multiple=None, ssl_context=None,
                 ssl_match_hostname=True, socket_keepalive=False):

        self.__max_pool_size = max_pool_size
        self.__connect_timeout = connect_timeout
        self.__socket_timeout = socket_timeout
        self.__wait_queue_timeout = wait_queue_timeout
        self.__wait_queue_multiple = wait_queue_multiple
        self.__ssl_context = ssl_context
        self.__ssl_match_hostname = ssl_match_hostname
        self.__socket_keepalive = socket_keepalive

    @property
    def max_pool_size(self):
        """The maximum number of connections that the pool will open
        simultaneously. If this is set, operations will block if there
        are `max_pool_size` outstanding connections.
        """
        return self.__max_pool_size

    @property
    def connect_timeout(self):
        """How long a connection can take to be opened before timing out.
        """
        return self.__connect_timeout

    @property
    def socket_timeout(self):
        """How long a send or receive on a socket can take before timing out.
        """
        return self.__socket_timeout

    @property
    def wait_queue_timeout(self):
        """How long a thread will wait for a socket from the pool if the pool
        has no free sockets.
        """
        return self.__wait_queue_timeout

    @property
    def wait_queue_multiple(self):
        """Multiplied by max_pool_size to give the number of threads allowed
        to wait for a socket at one time.
        """
        return self.__wait_queue_multiple

    @property
    def ssl_context(self):
        """An SSLContext instance or None.
        """
        return self.__ssl_context

    @property
    def ssl_match_hostname(self):
        """Call ssl.match_hostname if cert_reqs is not ssl.CERT_NONE.
        """
        return self.__ssl_match_hostname

    @property
    def socket_keepalive(self):
        """Whether to send periodic messages to determine if a connection
        is closed.
        """
        return self.__socket_keepalive


class SocketInfo(object):
    """Store a socket with some metadata.

    :Parameters:
      - `sock`: a raw socket object
      - `pool`: a Pool instance
      - `ismaster`: optional IsMaster instance, response to ismaster on `sock`
      - `address`: the server's (host, port)
    """
    def __init__(self, sock, pool, ismaster, address):
        self.sock = sock
        self.address = address
        self.authset = set()
        self.closed = False
        self.last_checkout = _time()
        self.is_writable = ismaster.is_writable if ismaster else None
        self.max_wire_version = ismaster.max_wire_version if ismaster else None
        self.max_bson_size = ismaster.max_bson_size if ismaster else None
        self.max_message_size = ismaster.max_message_size if ismaster else None
        self.max_write_batch_size = (
            ismaster.max_write_batch_size if ismaster else None)

        if ismaster:
            self.is_mongos = ismaster.server_type == SERVER_TYPE.Mongos
        else:
            self.is_mongos = None

        # The pool's pool_id changes with each reset() so we can close sockets
        # created before the last reset.
        self.pool_id = pool.pool_id

    def command(self, dbname, spec, slave_ok=False,
                read_preference=ReadPreference.PRIMARY,
                codec_options=DEFAULT_CODEC_OPTIONS, check=True,
                allowable_errors=None):
        """Execute a command or raise ConnectionFailure or OperationFailure.

        :Parameters:
          - `dbname`: name of the database on which to run the command
          - `spec`: a command document as a dict, SON, or mapping object
          - `slave_ok`: whether to set the SlaveOkay wire protocol bit
          - `read_preference`: a read preference
          - `codec_options`: a CodecOptions instance
          - `check`: raise OperationFailure if there are errors
          - `allowable_errors`: errors to ignore if `check` is True
        """
        try:
            return command(self.sock, dbname, spec,
                           slave_ok, self.is_mongos, read_preference,
                           codec_options, check, allowable_errors)
        except OperationFailure:
            raise
        # Catch socket.error, KeyboardInterrupt, etc. and close ourselves.
        except BaseException as error:
            self._raise_connection_failure(error)

    def send_message(self, message, max_doc_size):
        """Send a raw BSON message or raise ConnectionFailure.

        If a network exception is raised, the socket is closed.
        """
        if (self.max_bson_size is not None
                and max_doc_size > self.max_bson_size):
            raise DocumentTooLarge(
                "BSON document too large (%d bytes) - the connected server"
                "supports BSON document sizes up to %d bytes." %
                (max_doc_size, self.max_bson_size))

        try:
            self.sock.sendall(message)
        except BaseException as error:
            self._raise_connection_failure(error)

    def receive_message(self, operation, request_id):
        """Receive a raw BSON message or raise ConnectionFailure.

        If any exception is raised, the socket is closed.
        """
        try:
            return receive_message(self.sock, operation, request_id)
        except BaseException as error:
            self._raise_connection_failure(error)

    def legacy_write(self, request_id, msg, max_doc_size, with_last_error):
        """Send OP_INSERT, etc., optionally returning response as a dict.

        Can raise ConnectionFailure or OperationFailure.

        :Parameters:
          - `request_id`: an int.
          - `msg`: bytes, an OP_INSERT, OP_UPDATE, or OP_DELETE message,
            perhaps with a getlasterror command appended.
          - `max_doc_size`: size in bytes of the largest document in `msg`.
          - `with_last_error`: True if a getlasterror command is appended.
        """
        if not with_last_error and not self.is_writable:
            # Write won't succeed, bail as if we'd done a getlasterror.
            raise NotMasterError("not master")

        self.send_message(msg, max_doc_size)
        if with_last_error:
            response = self.receive_message(1, request_id)
            return helpers._check_gle_response(response)

    def write_command(self, request_id, msg):
        """Send "insert" etc. command, returning response as a dict.

        Can raise ConnectionFailure or OperationFailure.

        :Parameters:
          - `request_id`: an int.
          - `msg`: bytes, the command message.
        """
        self.send_message(msg, 0)
        response = helpers._unpack_response(self.receive_message(1, request_id))
        assert response['number_returned'] == 1
        result = response['data'][0]

        # Raises NotMasterError or OperationFailure.
        helpers._check_command_response(result)
        return result

    def check_auth(self, all_credentials):
        """Update this socket's authentication.

        Log in or out to bring this socket's credentials up to date with
        those provided. Can raise ConnectionFailure or OperationFailure.

        :Parameters:
          - `all_credentials`: dict, maps auth source to MongoCredential.
        """
        if all_credentials or self.authset:
            cached = set(itervalues(all_credentials))
            authset = self.authset.copy()

            # Logout any credentials that no longer exist in the cache.
            for credentials in authset - cached:
                auth.logout(credentials.source, self)
                self.authset.discard(credentials)

            for credentials in cached - authset:
                auth.authenticate(credentials, self)
                self.authset.add(credentials)

    def authenticate(self, credentials):
        """Log in to the server and store these credentials in `authset`.

        Can raise ConnectionFailure or OperationFailure.

        :Parameters:
          - `credentials`: A MongoCredential.
        """
        auth.authenticate(credentials, self)
        self.authset.add(credentials)

    def close(self):
        self.closed = True
        # Avoid exceptions on interpreter shutdown.
        try:
            self.sock.close()
        except:
            pass

    def _raise_connection_failure(self, error):
        # Catch *all* exceptions from socket methods and close the socket. In
        # regular Python, socket operations only raise socket.error, even if
        # the underlying cause was a Ctrl-C: a signal raised during socket.recv
        # is expressed as an EINTR error from poll. See internal_select_ex() in
        # socketmodule.c. All error codes from poll become socket.error at
        # first. Eventually in PyEval_EvalFrameEx the interpreter checks for
        # signals and throws KeyboardInterrupt into the current frame on the
        # main thread.
        #
        # But in Gevent and Eventlet, the polling mechanism (epoll, kqueue,
        # ...) is called in Python code, which experiences the signal as a
        # KeyboardInterrupt from the start, rather than as an initial
        # socket.error, so we catch that, close the socket, and reraise it.
        self.close()
        if isinstance(error, socket.error):
            _raise_connection_failure(self.address, error)
        else:
            raise error

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return self.sock == other.sock

    def __ne__(self, other):
        return not self == other

    def __hash__(self):
        return hash(self.sock)

    def __repr__(self):
        return "SocketInfo(%s)%s at %s" % (
            repr(self.sock),
            self.closed and " CLOSED" or "",
            id(self)
        )


def _create_connection(address, options):
    """Given (host, port) and PoolOptions, connect and return a socket object.

    Can raise socket.error.

    This is a modified version of create_connection from CPython >= 2.6.
    """
    host, port = address

    # Check if dealing with a unix domain socket
    if host.endswith('.sock'):
        if not hasattr(socket, "AF_UNIX"):
            raise ConnectionFailure("UNIX-sockets are not supported "
                                    "on this system")
        sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX)
        try:
            sock.connect(host)
            return sock
        except socket.error:
            sock.close()
            raise

    # Don't try IPv6 if we don't support it. Also skip it if host
    # is 'localhost' (::1 is fine). Avoids slow connect issues
    # like PYTHON-356.
    family = socket.AF_INET
    if socket.has_ipv6 and host != 'localhost':
        family = socket.AF_UNSPEC

    err = None
    for res in socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, socket.SOCK_STREAM):
        af, socktype, proto, dummy, sa = res
        sock = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)
        try:
            sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
            sock.settimeout(options.connect_timeout)
            sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_KEEPALIVE,
                            options.socket_keepalive)
            sock.connect(sa)
            return sock
        except socket.error as e:
            err = e
            sock.close()

    if err is not None:
        raise err
    else:
        # This likely means we tried to connect to an IPv6 only
        # host with an OS/kernel or Python interpreter that doesn't
        # support IPv6. The test case is Jython2.5.1 which doesn't
        # support IPv6 at all.
        raise socket.error('getaddrinfo failed')


def _configured_socket(address, options):
    """Given (host, port) and PoolOptions, return a configured socket.

    Can raise socket.error, ConnectionFailure, or CertificateError.

    Sets socket's SSL and timeout options.
    """
    sock = _create_connection(address, options)
    ssl_context = options.ssl_context

    if ssl_context is not None:
        try:
            sock = ssl_context.wrap_socket(sock)
        except IOError as exc:
            sock.close()
            raise ConnectionFailure("SSL handshake failed: %s" % (str(exc),))
        if ssl_context.verify_mode and options.ssl_match_hostname:
            try:
                match_hostname(sock.getpeercert(), hostname=address[0])
            except CertificateError:
                sock.close()
                raise

    sock.settimeout(options.socket_timeout)
    return sock


# Do *not* explicitly inherit from object or Jython won't call __del__
# http://bugs.jython.org/issue1057
class Pool:
    def __init__(self, address, options, handshake=True):
        """
        :Parameters:
          - `address`: a (hostname, port) tuple
          - `options`: a PoolOptions instance
          - `handshake`: whether to call ismaster for each new SocketInfo
        """
        # Check a socket's health with socket_closed() every once in a while.
        # Can override for testing: 0 to always check, None to never check.
        self._check_interval_seconds = 1

        self.sockets = set()
        self.lock = threading.Lock()

        # Keep track of resets, so we notice sockets created before the most
        # recent reset and close them.
        self.pool_id = 0
        self.pid = os.getpid()
        self.address = address
        self.opts = options
        self.handshake = handshake

        if (self.opts.wait_queue_multiple is None or
                self.opts.max_pool_size is None):
            max_waiters = None
        else:
            max_waiters = (
                self.opts.max_pool_size * self.opts.wait_queue_multiple)

        self._socket_semaphore = thread_util.create_semaphore(
            self.opts.max_pool_size, max_waiters)

    def reset(self):
        with self.lock:
            self.pool_id += 1
            self.pid = os.getpid()
            sockets, self.sockets = self.sockets, set()

        for sock_info in sockets:
            sock_info.close()

    def connect(self):
        """Connect to Mongo and return a new SocketInfo.

        Can raise ConnectionFailure or CertificateError.

        Note that the pool does not keep a reference to the socket -- you
        must call return_socket() when you're done with it.
        """
        sock = None
        try:
            sock = _configured_socket(self.address, self.opts)
            if self.handshake:
                ismaster = IsMaster(command(sock, 'admin', {'ismaster': 1},
                                            False, False,
                                            ReadPreference.PRIMARY,
                                            DEFAULT_CODEC_OPTIONS))
            else:
                ismaster = None
            return SocketInfo(sock, self, ismaster, self.address)
        except socket.error as error:
            if sock is not None:
                sock.close()
            _raise_connection_failure(self.address, error)

    @contextlib.contextmanager
    def get_socket(self, all_credentials, checkout=False):
        """Get a socket from the pool. Use with a "with" statement.

        Returns a :class:`SocketInfo` object wrapping a connected
        :class:`socket.socket`.

        This method should always be used in a with-statement::

            with pool.get_socket(credentials, checkout) as socket_info:
                socket_info.send_message(msg)
                data = socket_info.receive_message(op_code, request_id)

        The socket is logged in or out as needed to match ``all_credentials``
        using the correct authentication mechanism for the server's wire
        protocol version.

        Can raise ConnectionFailure or OperationFailure.

        :Parameters:
          - `all_credentials`: dict, maps auth source to MongoCredential.
          - `checkout` (optional): keep socket checked out.
        """
        # First get a socket, then attempt authentication. Simplifies
        # semaphore management in the face of network errors during auth.
        sock_info = self._get_socket_no_auth()
        try:
            sock_info.check_auth(all_credentials)
            yield sock_info
        except:
            # Exception in caller. Decrement semaphore.
            self.return_socket(sock_info)
            raise
        else:
            if not checkout:
                self.return_socket(sock_info)

    def _get_socket_no_auth(self):
        """Get or create a SocketInfo. Can raise ConnectionFailure."""
        # We use the pid here to avoid issues with fork / multiprocessing.
        # See test.test_client:TestClient.test_fork for an example of
        # what could go wrong otherwise
        if self.pid != os.getpid():
            self.reset()

        # Get a free socket or create one.
        if not self._socket_semaphore.acquire(
                True, self.opts.wait_queue_timeout):
            self._raise_wait_queue_timeout()

        # We've now acquired the semaphore and must release it on error.
        try:
            try:
                # set.pop() isn't atomic in Jython less than 2.7, see
                # http://bugs.jython.org/issue1854
                with self.lock:
                    sock_info, from_pool = self.sockets.pop(), True
            except KeyError:
                # Can raise ConnectionFailure or CertificateError.
                sock_info, from_pool = self.connect(), False

            if from_pool:
                # Can raise ConnectionFailure.
                sock_info = self._check(sock_info)

        except:
            self._socket_semaphore.release()
            raise

        sock_info.last_checkout = _time()
        return sock_info

    def return_socket(self, sock_info):
        """Return the socket to the pool, or if it's closed discard it."""
        if self.pid != os.getpid():
            self.reset()
        else:
            if sock_info.pool_id != self.pool_id:
                sock_info.close()
            elif not sock_info.closed:
                with self.lock:
                    self.sockets.add(sock_info)

        self._socket_semaphore.release()

    def _check(self, sock_info):
        """This side-effecty function checks if this pool has been reset since
        the last time this socket was used, or if the socket has been closed by
        some external network error, and if so, attempts to create a new socket.
        If this connection attempt fails we reset the pool and reraise the
        ConnectionFailure.

        Checking sockets lets us avoid seeing *some*
        :class:`~pymongo.errors.AutoReconnect` exceptions on server
        hiccups, etc. We only do this if it's been > 1 second since
        the last socket checkout, to keep performance reasonable - we
        can't avoid AutoReconnects completely anyway.
        """
        error = False

        # How long since socket was last checked out.
        age = _time() - sock_info.last_checkout
        if (self._check_interval_seconds is not None
                and (
                    0 == self._check_interval_seconds
                    or age > self._check_interval_seconds)):
            if socket_closed(sock_info.sock):
                sock_info.close()
                error = True

        if not error:
            return sock_info
        else:
            return self.connect()

    def _raise_wait_queue_timeout(self):
        raise ConnectionFailure(
            'Timed out waiting for socket from pool with max_size %r and'
            ' wait_queue_timeout %r' % (
                self.opts.max_pool_size, self.opts.wait_queue_timeout))

    def __del__(self):
        # Avoid ResourceWarnings in Python 3
        for sock_info in self.sockets:
            sock_info.close()
